Prepare, mitigate, respond, recover. It’s a cycle I have been through thousands of times. Navigating hundreds of disasters and crises ranging from small to seemingly impossible is all part of the job when you are leading emergency management agencies at the local, state, and federal levels.

What is the lifecycle of a disaster? First, there’s the actual disaster: implementing emergency protective measures, and doing everything possible to save lives and minimize property damage while the threat is active. Once the threat to human life has subsided, we enter the next stage…

There is a tendency in our field to focus only on the first half of recovery. We all generally agree the recovery starts immediately after the response and think it’s over when the FEMA Joint Field Office leaves town. But when we view the finish line as the day when most of the Individual and Public Assistance missions have wrapped up, we miss the most important (and hardest) part…

Losing cell service for significant periods does not just present work and scheduling inconveniences. It also poses grave threats to public safety. On Feb. 22, millions of Americans lost complete access to their cellular reception thanks to signal blackouts that crossed the entire country. This episode, while unfortunate, demonstrates just how crucial it is for Congress to begin shoring up the United States’ emergency infrastructure.

The popular, bipartisan bill, which would prevent automakers from removing AM radio from their vehicles, received a motion for passage by unanimous consent in the United States Senate. While the rest of the chamber supported passage, Paul objected, stating that he saw the bill as nothing more than a way to preserve some Americans’ “favorite form of entertainment.”

The Belfer Center, with support from McKinsey, brought together a diverse group of leaders from the emergency management community to discuss the evolving nature of emergency management, the challenges the enterprise faces, and solutions and strategies to better prepare for the new, poly-crisis climate. Among those leaders were former FEMA Administrator Pete Gaynor and former Deputy Administrator Rich Serino.

Extreme weather. Geopolitical strife. Infrastructure collapse. Rising crime rates. What do all of these risks have in common? None of them happen in a vacuum. These ongoing upheavals all demonstrate the interconnected nature of critical events. For government agencies, the ability to manage a crisis within a crisis has become essential to prevail in today’s highly dynamic risk landscape.

When a disaster strikes, managing time-critical information adds to the complexity for those disaster survivors in need of accurate information and is nearly impossible for those charged with making life-saving decisions to alleviate the pain and suffering of those survivors.

What could smart emergency management look like? We have smart homes, smartphones, smart traffic control, smart farming, and much more. Our world runs on a network of diverse devices, systems, sensors, software applications, control systems, databases, and communication platforms. So, how, as emergency managers, can we use this knowledge?

We are critical thinkers, problem solvers, and decision-makers. We are expert communicators, especially when lives are at risk. Did I mention our extreme organizational skills? We love being organized. If we had extra time (we don’t, so please don’t ask) we could reorganize your walk-in closet better than the pros. We can write a plan and more importantly, we can execute that plan.

In America, we don’t think twice about turning on the faucet and having clean water pour out. We take for granted that we will wake up each day and have access to clean, fresh water. But Earth has a growing water problem. Nearly three-quarters of the planet’s surface are covered in water, but our water ecosystems are being challenged.

How do we engage the next generation of emergency managers. What do we need to teach them? How do we prepare them for success in a post-pandemic, climate changing, no-fail world? The profession of emergency management is much younger when compared against other public safety partners. The fire services’ formal history dates back to the early 1800’s and Napoleon Bonaparte, while organized police departments go as far back as the mid-1600's. Lots of history. Lots of trial and error. Lots of evolution.

Accessing those billions of dollars can be a complicated process. With all this available funding, how can you access it, and spend it in a timely manner on projects that are meaningful and reduce the future impact of disasters to your community?

During our early response, I realized that our ability to generate new innovative ideas to counter the lack of critical resources was fading. In some cases, it seemed like the harder we squeezed, the less and less “juice” we were able to produce. The struggle to generate novel ideas to overcome shortages ran parallel with our dwindling and hard-to-regenerate human resources.

FEMA’s role dramatically changed after the COVID-19 pandemic. Congress had realized that the Nation had multiple and disjointed ways it responded to a variety of major crises. FEMA traditionally managed natural disasters, the Department of Health and Human Services managed public health emergencies, the Department of Agriculture managed food emergencies and the Department of Energy managed energy emergencies. The list kept going; there were as many different disaster response plans as there were governmental agencies.

Each year, wildfires, hurricanes, flooding, winter storms, tornadoes, and even non-disaster events like power outages expose some of the fault lines with our terrestrial-based emergency alert system. Without a functional network of ground-based cellular towers, fiber, and microwaves, emergency alerts can’t get to the people who need them the most—those in the path of an oncoming disaster.